Afrontar! ¿Qué cables industriales se necesitan en un gran proyecto de petróleo y gas??

En proyectos de petróleo y gas a gran escala, industrial cables are not just accessories—they are the “nervous system” and “blood vessels” of the entire operation. Si se trata de una plataforma de perforación en alta mar, una refinería, or a sprawling pipeline system, the reliability of cables directly impacts equipment performance and safety.

This article ZMS Cable will provide a detailed overview of the different types of industrial cables used in oil and gas projects, their technical requirements, normas, real-world applications, and tips for selecting the right cables. This guide will help you make informed decisions and ensure the safe and efficient execution of your project.

Types of Industrial Cables in Oil and Gas Projects

Industrial cables used in oil and gas projects must be able to withstand extreme conditions—high temperatures, estrés mecánico, exposición a sustancias químicas, and sometimes even explosion risks. Below is a breakdown of the essential types of cables needed for various applications:

a. Cables de poder

Cables de alimentación are used for distributing electrical power to all types of equipment, from machinery to lighting and emergency systems. These cables come in various voltage ratings depending on the power requirements of the project.

Low Voltage (LV) Cables de poder: Used for smaller systems, typically up to 1kV. Common in lighting circuits and low-power equipment.

Medium Voltage (MV) Cables de poder: These cables cover voltage ratings from 1kV to 35kV, powering larger equipment such as motors, zapatillas, and large compressors.

High Voltage (alto voltaje) Cables de poder: Required in larger offshore platforms or remote oil and gas sites, with voltages exceeding 35kV.

Key Specifications:

XLPE (polietileno reticulado) insulation for durability in extreme temperatures.

Flame-retardant, low smoke zero-halogen (LSZH) sheaths for fire safety in confined spaces.

Estándares: CEI 60502, licenciatura 6622, IEEE 1580

b. Cables de control

Cables de control are used to transmit signals and control functions between various equipment and systems. These cables play a vital role in remote control, automation, y sistemas de seguridad.

Multi-core cables with individual shielding are used to minimize electromagnetic interference (EMI), ensuring precise signal transmission.

Cables are designed to withstand oil, agua, y exposición a sustancias químicas, making them suitable for use in harsh environments like drilling rigs and offshore platforms.

Key Specifications:

Shielding to prevent interference.

Flame-retardant and low-smoke properties.

Flexible designs for ease of installation in tight spaces.

Common Types: CY, AA, SY, LIYCY cables

Estándares: CEI 60092-376, BS EN 50288-7

C. Cables de instrumentación

Cables de instrumentación are essential in transmitting data from field instruments (such as sensors and gauges) to control systems. They ensure real-time data communication and process control, especially in environments where safety and precision are paramount.

Individual and overall shielding is often used to protect the signals from electromagnetic interference.

LSZH (Bajo nivel de humo y cero halógenos) sheaths are frequently chosen in environments where safety is a concern, as they emit minimal smoke and no toxic gases in case of fire.

Key Specifications:

High resistance to temperature fluctuations, aceites, y quimicos.

Minimal signal loss over long distances.

Estándares: CEI 60092-376, BS EN 50288-7

d. Cables de fibra óptica

As the oil and gas industry becomes more digitalized, cables de fibra óptica are increasingly used for high-speed communication, remote monitoring, y transmisión de datos. They offer several advantages over traditional copper cables:

Immunity to electromagnetic interference (EMI), making them perfect for noisy industrial environments.

High bandwidth and long-distance data transmission are critical for SCADA systems, CCTV systems, and real-time data exchange between onshore and offshore locations.

Key Specifications:

Single-mode or multi-mode fiber options depending on the application.

Waterproof and resistant to harsh environmental conditions.

Uso: SCADA systems, communication between offshore and onshore facilities, real-time monitoring of remote sites.

mi. Cables Blindados

In areas prone to mechanical damage—such as drilling rigs, offshore platforms, or even underground pipelines—cables blindados are used to protect the cables from external impacts, physical wear, and even rodent damage.

SWA (Steel Wire Armored) cables are the most common type used in rugged, high-impact environments.

AWA (Aluminum Wire Armored) y STA (Steel Tape Armored) cables are also used, depending on the specific requirements.

Key Specifications:

Armoring provides mechanical strength and protection.

Resistance to crush, abrasión, and even exposure to oils and chemicals.

Uso: Distribución de poder, sistemas de control, communication lines in high-risk zones.

How to Choose the Right Industrial Cable for Oil & Gas Projects

When selecting industrial cables for an oil and gas project, the following factors must be considered to ensure the cables meet the demands of the environment and system requirements:

a. Condiciones ambientales

Resistencia a la temperatura: Offshore rigs or desert-based oilfields experience extreme temperatures, so cables with insulation such as XLPE or silicone rubber are ideal for high-temperature environments, while cables with special materials like PVC may be used in colder areas.

Resistencia química: Many oil and gas projects involve exposure to oils, ácidos, solventes, and other corrosive substances. Cables with specialized coatings and insulations like EPR (Caucho de etileno propileno) or CSP (Polietileno reticulado) are recommended for chemical environments.

Water Resistance: For subsea operations, cables need to be water-blocked, have water-tight sheathing, and provide reliable performance in wet conditions. Offshore platforms require cables with special waterproof designs.

b. Fire Safety and Hazardous Zone Classification

In hazardous zones (Zone 0, Zone 1, and Zone 2), resistente al fuego y cables retardantes de llama are mandatory to ensure the safety of personnel and prevent disasters. These cables must meet:

Flame-retardant properties to prevent the spread of fire.

Humo bajo, zero halogen (LSZH) for better safety in case of fire.

ATEX or IECEx certification for operation in explosive atmospheres.

C. Resistencia mecánica

For installation in harsh environments, such as those with heavy machinery or potential physical impact, armored cables with high tensile strength y Resistencia al impacto are essential. These cables are designed to withstand physical stress, rodent attacks, y abrasión.

Application Zones in Oil and Gas Projects

Here’s an overview of where different types of industrial cables are used across oil and gas operations:

Área	Typical Cable Types	Purpose
Drilling Platforms	MV Power Cables, Cables de fibra óptica	Power for drilling motors, sistemas de control, comunicación
Processing Units	Cables de instrumentación, Cables de control	Process monitoring, safety systems, automation
Pipeline Systems	Cables de fibra óptica, Cables de control blindados	Leak detection, remote control, vigilancia
Storage Terminals	LV Power Cables, Flame-retardant Control Cables	Lighting, bombeo, fire protection systems
Offshore Platforms	Water-resistant, Halogen-free Armored Cables	Distribución de poder, safety circuits

Trends Shaping the Future of Industrial Cables in Oil and Gas

With technological advances and the push for sustainability, the oil and gas sector is seeing several emerging trends in industrial cable use:

Smart Cables and Digitalization: Increasing demand for smart cables embedded with sensors for monitoring the condition of cables and enabling predictive maintenance.

Expansión de Fibra Óptica: More widespread use of fiber optics for high-speed data transmission, especially in remote locations and subsea operations.

Sustainability: Preference for environmentally friendly, recyclable cables and low-impact materials, including halogen-free and flame-retardant options.

Partnering with the Right Cable Supplier

To ensure your industrial cables are of the highest quality, it’s crucial to choose a supplier that offers:

Custom cable solutions to meet specific project needs.

Global delivery capabilities for urgent deliveries in remote locations.

Comprehensive technical support including installation guidance, troubleshooting, and ongoing maintenance.

Look for suppliers with a solid track record in the oil and gas industry, and ensure they provide full documentation (certificates of compliance, test reports, and certifications).

The selection of the right industrial cables for an oil and gas project is critical for ensuring operational safety, eficiencia, and compliance. By understanding the specific needs of the project—whether it’s for power distribution, instrumentación, or communication—you can select the cables that will perform reliably under the most demanding conditions.

The cables you choose will directly impact the success of your project, so don’t just cope—take control and ensure your infrastructure is built to withstand the harshest environments.

Need expert advice on selecting industrial cables for your oil and gas project? Contact us today for tailored solutions and expert guidance.