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Nūhou

He aha ke koʻikoʻi o ka ulu ʻana o nā kaula fiber optic i ka ulu ʻana o ke kaiāulu?

Ua hoʻololi nā uwea fiber optic i ke kahua o ke kelepona a me ka lawe ʻikepili. Hoʻohana kēia mau kaula i ka māmā e hoʻouna i ka ʻikepili, hāʻawi i nā pono nui ma mua o nā uea keleawe kahiko, me ka bandwidth kiʻekiʻe, ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki, a ʻoi aku ka pale ʻana i ka hoʻopili electromagnetic. Hoʻopili kēia ʻatikala i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā kaula fiber optic, ʻimi i kā lākou mau noi, a ʻike i ko lākou ulu ʻana.

Hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā uwea Fiber Optic

Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā kaula fiber optic ma muli o kekahi mau pae hoʻohālike, me ke ʻano o ka fiber, ke ano o ka lawe ana, a me ka hana uwea.

1. Nā ʻano fiber

Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale nui ʻia nā uwea mana fiber optic i ʻelua ʻano: fiber-mode fiber (SMF) a me ka fiber mode multi (MMF).

ʻO ka pulupulu ʻano hoʻokahi (SMF):

  • Anawaena kumu: ʻO ka maʻamau a puni 8-10 micrometers.
  • Ka mamao hoʻouna: Hiki ke hoʻouna i kahi mamao lōʻihi, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i nā kelepona ʻikepili a me nā pūnaewele ʻikepili lōʻihi.
  • Puna Māmā: Hoʻohana i nā diodes laser.
  • Bandwidth: ʻOi aku ka nui o ka bandwidth ma muli o ka liʻiliʻi o ka hoʻopuehu modal.
  • Nā noi: He kūpono no nā noi e koi ana i nā helu ʻikepili kiʻekiʻe ma nā mamao lōʻihi, e like me ka metropolitan a me ka laulā ākea (Nā WAN).

ʻO ka Fiber-Mode Fiber (MMF):

  • Anawaena kumu: Nā pae mai 50 i 62.5 micrometers.
  • Ka mamao hoʻouna: Ua kaupalena ʻia i nā mamao pōkole, maʻa mau a hiki i kekahi mau kilomita.
  • Puna Māmā: Hoʻohana i nā diodes māmā (Nā LED).
  • Bandwidth: ʻO ka bandwidth haʻahaʻa i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me SMF ma muli o ka dispersion modal.
  • Nā noi: Hoʻohana maʻamau i nā pūnaewele ʻāpana kūloko (Nā LAN), nā kikowaena ʻikepili, a me nā pilina pili hale.

2. Nā ʻano o ka lawe ʻana

Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā kaula fiber optic ma muli o ko lākou ʻano o ka lawe ʻana:

Step-Index Fiber:

  • Kapili: Loaʻa i ke kumu he ʻano hōʻailona refractive like, me ka hoʻololi koke ʻana i ka pale.
  • Hoʻopuehu: ʻOi aku ka hoʻopuehu modal kiʻekiʻe, ʻaʻole kūpono ia no ka hoʻouna ʻana i ka ʻikepili kiʻekiʻe ma nā mamao lōʻihi.
  • Nā noi: Hoʻohana mua ʻia i nā noi kahi mea koʻikoʻi ke kumu kūʻai a pōkole ka mamao o ka lawe ʻana.

Kaumaha-Index Fiber:

  • Kapili: E emi malie ana ka huahelu refractive o ke kumu mai ke kikowaena a i ka pale.
  • Hoʻopuehu: Hoʻemi ʻia ka hoʻopuehu ʻana o ka modal i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā fibers step-index, e ʻae ana i ka nui o ka lawe ʻana i ka ʻikepili.
  • Nā noi: Hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā noi fiber multi-mode, e like me nā LAN a me nā kikowaena data.

3. Ke kukulu ana i ke Uea

Hoʻokumu ʻia nā kaula fiber optic i nā ʻano like ʻole e kūpono i nā kūlana kaiapuni like ʻole a me nā koi hoʻonohonoho. ʻO nā ʻano kumu mua:

Nā Uila Paʻa Paʻa:

  • Kapili: Hoʻopili ʻia kēlā me kēia fiber me kahi papa pale no ka pale.
  • ʻoluʻolu: Hāʻawi i ka maʻalahi a me ka maʻalahi o ka lawelawe ʻana.
  • Nā noi: Hoʻohana ʻia i nā noi i loko, e like me nā kaula hoʻopaʻa a me nā pilina papapihi.

Na Uila Loose-Tube:

  • Kapili: Hoʻokomo ʻia nā fibers i loko o kahi pahu wai hoʻopiha piha a maloʻo paha.
  • Palekana: Pale i nā mea pili i ke kaiapuni e like me ka makū.
  • Nā noi: Kūpono no nā noi waho, e like me nā hoʻonohonoho hoʻolewa lōʻihi a pololei.

Na Uea Lai:

  • Kapili: Loaʻa i kahi ʻāpana o ka pale kaua no ka pale mechanical.
  • Ka lōʻihi: Hāʻawi i ka palekana i hoʻonui ʻia i ka pōʻino kino.
  • Nā noi: Hoʻohana ʻia i nā kaiapuni kahi e ʻike ʻia ai ke kaula i ka pōʻino kino, e like me nā ʻoihana ʻoihana a me nā hoʻonohonoho hoʻolewa pololei.
ʻO kaʻu uwea optical he uwea hoʻopaʻa ahi no ka mine lanahu a i ʻole ke kelepona hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ke ahi no ka mine lanahu.

Noi o na Uila Fiber Optic

Ua loaʻa i nā kaula fiber optic he laulā o nā noi ma nā ʻoihana like ʻole ma muli o ko lākou hiki ke hoʻoili ʻikepili kiʻekiʻe a me ka hilinaʻi.

1. Ke kelepona

ʻO nā uwea fiber optic ka iwi kuamoʻo o nā pūnaewele kelepona hou. Hāʻawi lākou i ka hoʻoili ʻikepili kiʻekiʻe ma kahi lōʻihi me ka liʻiliʻi o ka pohō a me ke keakea.

Loaʻa nā noi nui:

  • iwi kuamoo pūnaewele: Hoʻokumu nā uwea uila fiber optic i ka ʻōnaehana kumu o ka pūnaewele puni honua, hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka hoʻoili ʻikepili kiʻekiʻe ma waena o nā ʻāina a me nā ʻāina.
  • Nā lawelawe ʻo Broadband: Hoʻohana ʻia i ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā lawelawe pūnaewele kiʻekiʻe i nā hale a me nā ʻoihana.
  • Ka leo a me ka wikiō: Kākoʻo i nā lawelawe kamaʻilio leo a me ka wikiō kiʻekiʻe, me Voice over IP (VoIP) a me ka hālāwai wikiō.

2. Nā kikowaena ʻikepili

Ma nā kikowaena ʻikepili, pono nā kaula fiber optic no ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā kikowaena, ʻōnaehana mālama, a me nā lako pūnaewele. Hāʻawi lākou i ka bandwidth kiʻekiʻe a me ka latency haʻahaʻa e pono ai no ka hoʻoili ʻana i ka ʻikepili kūpono a me ka hoʻoili.

Loaʻa nā noi nui:

  • Nā Pūnaewele Wahi Waiho (Nā SAN): Hoʻopili nā uwea fiber optic i nā mea mālama i nā kikowaena, hiki i ka ʻikepili wikiwiki a hilinaʻi.
  • Cloud Computing: Kākoʻo i ka pilina kiʻekiʻe e pono ai no nā lawelawe kapuaʻi a me nā kikowaena kikowaena data.

3. ʻOihana Lapaʻau

Hoʻohana ʻia nā uwea fiber optic i nā noi lapaʻau like ʻole ma muli o ko lākou liʻiliʻi, hikiwawe, a me ka hiki ke hoʻouna i ka ʻikepili me ka ʻole o ka hoʻopili electromagnetic.

Loaʻa nā noi nui:

  • Endoscopy: Hoʻohana ʻia nā kaula fiber optic i nā endoscopes e hāʻawi i ka mālamalama a hoʻouna i nā kiʻi mai loko mai o ke kino.
  • Kiʻi Lapaʻau: Hoʻohana ʻia i nā mea kiʻi kiʻi e like me MRI a me CT scanners no ka lawe ʻana i ka ʻikepili.

4. Koa a me Aerospace

Ke hilinaʻi nei ka pūʻali koa a me ka aerospace i nā kaula fiber optic no ke kamaʻilio paʻa a hilinaʻi a me ka lawe ʻana i ka ʻikepili. Loaʻa nā noi nui:

  • Avionics: Hoʻohana ʻia nā kaula fiber optic i nā mokulele no ka kamaʻilio ʻikepili a me nā ʻōnaehana hoʻokele.
  • Nā Kūkākūkā Koa: Hāʻawi i nā loulou kamaʻilio palekana a me ka wikiwiki no nā hana kaua.

5. ʻOihana ʻOihana

In ʻoihana ʻenehana, Hoʻohana ʻia nā uea fiber optic e hoʻopili i nā mea ʻike, nā mea hoʻoponopono, a me nā mea hana ʻē aʻe i nā ʻōnaehana ʻakomi. Loaʻa nā noi nui:

  • Hale Hana Automation: Hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka kamaʻilio manawa maoli ma waena o nā mīkini a me nā ʻōnaehana hoʻokele.
  • Ka Mana Mana: Hoʻohana ʻia i ka nānā ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i nā kaʻina hana ʻoihana.

6. Hoʻolaha a me nā leʻaleʻa

Hoʻohana ka ʻoihana hoʻolaha a me ka ʻoihana leʻaleʻa i nā kaula fiber optic no ka hoʻoili leo a me ka wikiō kiʻekiʻe. Loaʻa nā noi nui:

  • Hoʻolaha Televise: Hoʻouna nā uwea fiber optic i nā hōʻailona wikiō wehewehe kiʻekiʻe no nā hoʻolaha kīwī.
  • Nā hanana ola: Hoʻohana ʻia i ka hoʻolaha ʻana i nā hanana ola, e like me nā haʻuki a me nā ʻahamele, e hoʻolako i nā meaʻai leo a me nā wikiō kiʻekiʻe.
Fiber Optic no ka Pūnaewele

Hoʻomohala ʻana i nā uwea Fiber Optic

ʻO ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā kaula fiber optic i alakaʻi ʻia e ka pono o ka wikiwiki o ka lawe ʻana i ka ʻikepili, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka bandwidth, a ʻoi aku ka hilinaʻi o nā ʻōnaehana kamaʻilio.

1. Nā Hana Hou

ʻO ka manaʻo o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mālamalama no ke kamaʻilio ʻana mai ka makahiki 19, me ka hana a Alexander Graham Bell i ka photophone ma 1880. Eia naʻe, ʻAʻole hiki i ka makahiki 1960 ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā ʻōnaehana kamaʻilio fiber optic.

1960s:

  • Nā Kumu Manaʻo: ʻO nā mea noiʻi e like me Charles Kao a me George Hockham i kau i ka manaʻo nā kumu no ke kamaʻilio fiber optic, e hōʻike ana i ka hiki ke hoʻohana i nā fiber aniani no ka lawe ʻana i ka ʻikepili.
  • Uwa Uwa Optic Mua: Ua kiʻekiʻe nā kiʻekiʻe o ka nalowale o nā hōʻailona o nā uwea fiber optic mua, ʻaʻole kūpono iā lākou no ke kamaʻilio lōʻihi.

2. Nā holomua ʻenehana

ʻO nā holomua ʻenehana koʻikoʻi i nā 1970s a me 1980s i hoʻokaʻawale i ke ala no ka hoʻohana ākea ʻana i nā kaula fiber optic..

1970s:

  • Na Uila Nalo Haahaa: Ua hoʻomohala nā mea noiʻi ma Corning Glass Works i nā fiber optical haʻahaʻa, e hōʻemi ana i ka nalowale hōʻailona i nā pae kūpono no ka hoʻohana pono.
  • ʻenehana Laser: ʻO ka holomua o ka ʻenehana laser i hiki ke hoʻomohala i nā kumu kukui kūpono no ke kamaʻilio fiber optic.

1980s:

  • Uena Optic: Ua kau ʻia nā ʻoihana fiber optic mua, hāʻawi i nā hoʻomaikaʻi koʻikoʻi i ka wikiwiki o ka lawe ʻana i ka ʻikepili a me ka hilinaʻi ma luna o nā kaula keleawe kahiko.
  • Hoʻokohukohu: ʻO ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā kūlana ʻoihana no nā kaula fiber optic i maʻalahi i kā lākou hoʻohana ākea.

3. Nā Hoʻomohala Hou

Ua ʻike nā makahiki 1990 a me 2000 i ka holomua o ka ʻenehana fiber optic, ke alakaʻi nei i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā pūnaewele mana kiʻekiʻe a me nā noi hou.

1990s:

  • ʻO ka Māhele Paʻi ʻAlele Paʻa (DWDM): Hiki i ka ʻenehana DWDM ke hoʻouna ʻia i nā kahawai ʻikepili he nui i ka manawa hoʻokahi ma luna o hoʻokahi fiber, hoʻonui nui i ka bandwidth.
  • Nā Pūnaewele Fiber Optic Global: ʻO ka ka hoʻolaha ʻana o nā ʻupena fiber optic honua, me nā kaula o lalo o ke kai, hiki ke kamaʻilio ʻikepili kiʻekiʻe ma waena o nā ʻāina.

2000s a ma o aku:

  • Fiber i ka Home (FTTH): The rollout of FTTH networks brought high-speed internet access directly to consumers’ homes.
  • Nā holomua i ka ʻenehana Fiber: Ke hoʻomau nei ka noiʻi a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i alakaʻi i ka hana ʻana i nā fibers ultra-low-loss, nā pulupulu pili ʻole, a me nā mea hou e hoʻonui ai i ka hana a me ka hilinaʻi o nā kaula fiber optic.

Ua hoʻololi ka uwea fiber optic a me nā uwea i ka ʻāina o ke kelepona a me ka hoʻoili ʻikepili, hāʻawi ʻana i ka wikiwiki like ʻole, bandwidth, a me ka hilinaʻi. ʻO kā lākou hoʻokaʻawale ʻana ma muli o ke ʻano fiber, ʻano hoʻoili, a ʻo ke kūkulu ʻana e hōʻike i ko lākou versatility a me ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā noi like ʻole. Pono pono nā uwea fiber optic i ko kākou honua pili, mai ke kelepona a me nā kikowaena ʻikepili i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, pūʻali koa, ʻoihana ʻoihana, a me na oihana lealea. ʻO ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻenehana fiber optic, alakaʻi ʻia e ka hoʻomau mau, hōʻoia i kēia mau uwea e noho ma ke alo o nā ʻōnaehana kamaʻilio no nā makahiki e hiki mai ana.

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