Zingwe za Undersea fiber optic ndi msana wapadziko lonse lapansi, kupangitsa kuti intaneti ikhale yothamanga kwambiri komanso kutumizirana ma data kumakontinenti onse. Zingwe izi, anagona pansi pa nyanja, tasintha njira yolankhulirana, kugawana zambiri, ndikuchita bizinesi. Nkhani iyi VERI Cable imayang'ana m'magulu, mapulogalamu, ndi kufunikira kwa zingwe za submarine fiber optic, kuyang'ana mbali zawo zamakono, chitukuko cha mbiriyakale, ndi ziyembekezo.
Gulu la M'madzi Zingwe za Fiber Optic
Zingwe za submarine fiber optic zitha kugawidwa motengera njira zosiyanasiyana monga mtundu wa fiber, kapangidwe ka chingwe, ndi malo otumizira anthu.
1. Mtundu wa Fiber
Ulusi wamtundu umodzi (SMF): Zingwezi zimakhala ndi mainchesi ochepa, kawirikawiri kuzungulira 8-10 ma micrometer, ndikuthandizira njira yowunikira imodzi. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito polankhulana mtunda wautali chifukwa cha kutsika kwawo kwazizindikiro komanso kuthekera kwakukulu kwa bandwidth.
Multi-mode fibers (MMF): Ndi mainchesi okulirapo pachimake (50-62.5 ma micrometer), ulusi izi zimathandiza angapo kuwala modes. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito mtunda waufupi chifukwa cha kuchepa kwambiri komanso kuchuluka kwa kubalalikana poyerekeza ndi ulusi wamtundu umodzi..
2. Kapangidwe ka Chingwe
Wopepuka Cwokhoza: Zapangidwira madzi osaya, zingwe izi n'zosavuta kuyika ndi kusamalira. Nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zigawo zochepa zoteteza.
Zida zankhondo Mphamvu Cwokhoza: Amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo ozama kwambiri, zingwe zokhala ndi zida zili ndi zigawo zina zodzitetezera kuti zipirire zovuta zapansi pamadzi, kuphatikizapo kupanikizika, kusinthasintha kwa kutentha, ndi kuwonongeka komwe kungachitike kuchokera ku zamoyo zam'madzi kapena zochita za anthu.
Zobwerezedwa Cwokhoza: Okonzeka ndi obwereza kapena amplifiers pakapita nthawi, zingwe izi kulimbikitsa mphamvu chizindikiro, kuwapanga kukhala oyenera kuyenda maulendo ataliatali pamtunda wamakilomita masauzande ambiri.
Zosabwerezedwa Cwokhoza: Izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mtunda waufupi kumene chizindikiro chimatha kuyenda popanda kuwonongeka kwakukulu, kuchotsa kufunikira kwa kukulitsa pa intaneti.
3. Malo Otumizira
Zozama-Wpambuyo Cwokhoza: Izi zimayikidwa m'madera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi mashelefu a kontinenti, kumene amatha kuwonongeka ndi anangula, ntchito za usodzi, ndi masoka achilengedwe.
Chakuya-Sea Cwokhoza: Anagona m'nyanja yakuya, zingwezi sizimawonongeka pang'ono koma zimafunikira zombo zapadera ndiukadaulo pakuyika ndi kukonza chifukwa chazovuta.
Mbiri Yakale
Lingaliro la zingwe zoyankhulirana zapansi pamadzi lidayamba chapakati pazaka za zana la 19, ndi chingwe choyamba chopambana cha transatlantic telegraph choyikidwamo 1858. Ichi chinali chiyambi cha nyengo yatsopano ya kulankhulana kwapadziko lonse, kuchepetsa kwambiri nthawi yofunikira kutumiza mauthenga pakati pa makontinenti.
Kusintha kuchokera ku telegraph kupita ku zingwe za telefoni kunachitika kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 20, ndi kuyambitsa zingwe za coaxial mu 1950s, kuthandizira kulankhulana ndi mawu. Komabe, kunali kubwera kwaukadaulo wa fiber optic chakumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 20 komwe kunasinthadi kulumikizana kwapansi pamadzi.. Chingwe choyamba cha transatlantic fiber optic, TAT-8, idayikidwa mkati 1988, kudzitamandira kwambiri mphamvu ndi kudalirika kuposa oyambirira ake.
Kugwiritsa ntchito ma Submarine Fiber Optic Cables
Zingwe za submarine fiber optic ndizofunika kwambiri pamagwiritsidwe osiyanasiyana, kukhudza magawo osiyanasiyana a anthu komanso chuma chapadziko lonse lapansi.
1. Matelefoni
Kugwiritsa ntchito kwakukulu kwa zingwe za submarine fiber optic ndizolumikizana ndi matelefoni. Zingwe izi zimapanga msana wa zomangamanga zapadziko lonse lapansi za intaneti, kunyamula 99% za traffic yapadziko lonse lapansi ya data. Amathandizira kuti pakhale intaneti yothamanga kwambiri, kulankhulana ndi mawu, ndi ntchito za data, kuthandizira kulumikizana kwapadziko lonse lapansi.
2. Cloud Computing ndi Data Centers
Ndi kuchuluka kwa makompyuta amtambo, zingwe zamagetsi zapamadzi ndi zofunika polumikiza malo opangira data omwe amafalikira m'makontinenti osiyanasiyana. Amaonetsetsa kusamutsa deta mofulumira komanso odalirika, Kuthandizira ntchito monga kusungirako pa intaneti, kukonza kwa data, ndi ntchito zochokera pamtambo. Makampani akuluakulu a tech, kuphatikiza Google, Facebook, ndi Amazon, khazikitsani ndalama zambiri ntchito zama chingwe pansi pa madzi kupititsa patsogolo chitukuko chawo chapadziko lonse lapansi.
3. Ntchito Zachuma
Gawo lazachuma limadalira zingwe zapansi pamadzi pochita malonda othamanga kwambiri, kusanthula zenizeni zenizeni, ndi zochitika zapadziko lonse lapansi. Kutsika kwa latency komanso kuthamanga kwambiri kwa zingwezi ndizofunikira kwambiri kuti mukhalebe ndi mwayi wampikisano pamisika yazachuma padziko lonse lapansi..
4. Kafukufuku wa Sayansi ndi Maphunziro
Zingwe za submarine fiber optic zimathandizira kafukufuku wasayansi pothandizira kusinthana kwa data pakati pa mabungwe ofufuza padziko lonse lapansi. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pama projekiti monga maphunziro a Oceanographic, kuyang'anira nyengo, ndi kafukufuku wa geophysical, kumene kuchuluka kwa deta kumafunika kufalitsidwa ndi kufufuzidwa.
5. Chitetezo ndi Chitetezo
Maboma ndi mabungwe achitetezo amagwiritsa ntchito zingwe zapansi pamadzi kuti athe kulumikizana kotetezeka komanso kodalirika. Zingwezi zimathandizira ntchito zankhondo, kusonkhanitsa nzeru, ndi diplomatic communications, kuwonetsetsa kuti zidziwitso zofunikira zimafalitsidwa motetezeka padziko lonse lapansi.
Zaumisiri
Zingwe za submarine fiber optic zili ndi zigawo zingapo zomwe zimateteza ulusi wosalimba wa kuwala kwapansi pamadzi..
1. Core ndi Cladding
Pakatikati, amapangidwa ndi silika yoyera, ndi njira imene kuwala kumadutsamo. Kuphimba, galasi losanjikiza lomwe lili ndi index yotsika ya refractive, imazungulira pachimake ndikusunga ma siginecha omwe ali mkati mwapakati kudzera mukuwonekera kwathunthu kwamkati.
2. Kupaka kwa Buffer
Chophimba choteteza cha pulasitiki kapena acrylic, Chophimbacho chimateteza ulusi kuti usawonongeke komanso zinthu zachilengedwe monga chinyezi ndi mankhwala.
3. Mphamvu Mamembala
Kupereka mphamvu zolimba komanso kuteteza chingwe pakuyika ndi kuchira, mamembala amphamvu opangidwa ndi mawaya achitsulo kapena ulusi wa aramid akuphatikizidwa.
4. Kusunga zida
Kwa zingwe zoyikidwa m'malo osaya kapena owopsa, zigawo zingapo za mawaya achitsulo amawonjezeredwa chitetezo chowonjezera ku kuwonongeka kwa thupi kuchokera ku nsomba za nsomba, nangula, ndi zamoyo za m’madzi.
5. Jacket Yakunja
Wosanjikiza wakunja, kawirikawiri amapangidwa ndi polyethylene, imateteza chingwe ku abrasion ndi kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe.
Mavuto ndi Kusamalira
Kutumiza ndi kusamalira zingwe za submarine fiber optic zimabweretsa zovuta zingapo chifukwa cha zovuta zapansi pamadzi.
1. Kuyika
Kuyika zingwe zapansi pamadzi kumafuna zombo zapadera zokhala ndi zida zoyika ndi kukwirira. Njirayi imaphatikizapo kukonzekera mosamala kuti mupewe zopinga za pansi pa madzi ndikuwonetsetsa kuti chingwecho chikhazikika pansi pa nyanja.. Njirayi iyenera kufufuzidwa ndikujambulidwa, poganizira zinthu monga kuya kwa madzi, m'nyanja, ndi zoopsa zomwe zingatheke.
2. Kusamalira ndi Kukonza
Zingwe zimatha kuonongeka ndi zochitika zachilengedwe monga zivomezi ndi kusefukira kwa nthaka pansi pa madzi, komanso zochita za anthu monga kusodza ndi kumanga nangula. Kukonza chingwe chapansi pamadzi ndi njira yovuta komanso yokwera mtengo yomwe ikuphatikizapo kupeza vuto, kubwezeretsa chingwe, ndi kukonza m'sitima yapadera.
3. Zokhudza Chitetezo
Zingwe zapansi pamadzi zimakhala pachiwopsezo chowukiridwa mwadala komanso ukazitape. Kuonetsetsa chitetezo cha zingwe zimenezi n'kofunika, monga kusokoneza kulikonse kungakhale ndi zotsatira zazikulu zachuma ndi ndale. Mgwirizano wapadziko lonse lapansi ndi mapangano ndizofunikira pakuteteza zida zofunikazi.
Zam'tsogolo
Kufunika kwa ma bandwidth apamwamba komanso kuthamanga kwambiri kwa intaneti kukukulirakulira, kuyendetsa patsogolo muukadaulo wa submarine cable. Zatsopano monga space-division multiplexing (Zithunzi za SDM) ndi njira zamakono zowonetsera zizindikiro zimafuna kuonjezera mphamvu ndi mphamvu za zingwezi.
1. Space-Division Multiplexing (Zithunzi za SDM)
SDM imaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito njira zingapo mkati mwa ulusi umodzi, kuonjezera kwambiri mphamvu ya zingwe zapansi pamadzi. Tekinoloje iyi ikuyembekezeka kukhala ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri pakukwaniritsa zofunikila zamtsogolo zotumizira deta.
2. Kukonza Kwapamwamba Kwambiri
Njira monga kuzindikira kogwirizana komanso kukonza ma siginolo a digito (DSP) onjezerani magwiridwe antchito a zingwe zapansi pamadzi powongolera mawonekedwe azizindikiro ndi kuchepetsa phokoso. Kupititsa patsogolo uku kumathandizira kufalikira kwakutali popanda kufunikira kobwereza pafupipafupi.
3. Kuyang'anira Zachilengedwe
Zingwe zapansi pamadzi zokhala ndi zowunikira zachilengedwe zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pophunzira za nyanja ndi nyengo. Zingwezi zimatha kuyang'anira zochitika za seismic, kutentha kwa nyanja, ndi zina zachilengedwe magawo, kupereka deta yamtengo wapatali pa kafukufuku wa sayansi.
4. Global Connectivity Initiatives
Zoyeserera zosiyanasiyana zapadziko lonse lapansi zikufuna kupititsa patsogolo kulumikizana m'magawo omwe alibe chitetezo potumiza zingwe zatsopano zapansi pamadzi.. Ntchito monga chingwe cha Equiano chothandizidwa ndi Google ku Africa ndi chingwe cha 2Africa chothandizidwa ndi Facebook ndi cholinga chopereka intaneti yothamanga kwambiri kwa anthu mamiliyoni ambiri., kulimbikitsa chitukuko cha zachuma ndikuthetsa kugawanika kwa digito.
Zingwe za submarine fiber optic ndizofunikira kwambiri masiku ano, kulimbikitsa kulumikizana kwapadziko lonse lapansi komanso kutumiza ma data. Gulu lawo, mapulogalamu, ndi kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo kumawonetsa kufunikira kwawo komanso zovuta zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi kutumizidwa ndi kukonza kwawo. Pamene kufunikira kwa deta kukupitirirabe, Zatsopano zomwe zikupitilira komanso kuyika ndalama mumayendedwe apanyanja zam'madzi zidzakhala zofunika kulimbikitsa ndi kupititsa patsogolo kulumikizana kwapadziko lonse lapansi..