Na nso nso a, N0r5ke Fiber AS kpughere atụmatụ maka akụkụ nke abụọ nke akụrụngwa dijitalụ Norway, nke ga-ahụ ihe owuwu nke a 900 Sistemụ eriri okpuru mmiri nke km na-ejikọ Bergen na Oslo.
A ga-enwekwa a 500 km terrestrial fiber optic cable na-ejikọta Oslo na Trondheim.
Mgbe emechara, a na-akọ na a ga-emepụta mgbanaka eriri gbara ọchịchịrị nke dị kilomita 2,200.
Abụọ ọhụrụ cables ga-enwe opekempe 192 eriri na-ejikọta ahịrị eriri okpuru mmiri nke mba ụwa na site na Norway na nnukwu, ebe data hiwere na Norway.
Mgbasa ebe etiti data Green na mpaghara ọhụrụ nwere mmepụta ike ndụ ndụ.
A na-ekwu na mgbasawanye nke N0r5ke Viking na-abawanye ụbara ọrụ na nnweta eriri gbara ọchịchịrị na Norway..
Enwekwara njikọ anaghị arụ ọrụ na nnukwu obodo, njikọ ọdụ, saịtị ọdịda USB, na mpaghara iji nye ndị ahịa mba ụwa ohere dị mfe.
Ihe dị adị 810 km N0r5ke eriri ụgbọ mmiri Viking ga-aga n'akụkụ ọdịda anyanwụ nke ụsọ oké osimiri Norway site na Trondheim ruo Bergen., ya na 12 saịtị ọdịda n'ụzọ.
Yabụ kedu ka eriri fiber optic si dị? Kedu ihe njirimara nke otu ọ ga-esi rụọ nnukwu ọrụ dị otú ahụ? Ebe a ka ndị otu USB cable ZMS were gị ghọta.
Nkọwa eriri fiber optic
Fiber optic cable bụ ụdị nzikọrịta ozi.
Ọ nwere iko abụọ ma ọ bụ karịa ma ọ bụ plastik fiber optic cores.
Cores fiber optic ndị a dị n'ime ihe mkpuchi nchebe ma jiri akwa PVC dị elu kpuchie ya.
Mgbasa ozi n'akụkụ eriri anya dị n'ime na-ejikarị ọkụ infrared eme ihe.
N'ọnwa Jenụwarị 2013, Cuba mere mgbanwe na nkwukọrịta site na imepe eriri fiber optic iji gbakwunye ọwa mba ọzọ na-adọta uche.
Mmepe eriri fiber optic
China malitere nyocha na eriri fiber optic n'etiti 1970s, fọrọ nke nta ka n'out oge na mba ọzọ, wee mepụta eriri quartz nke mbụ n'oge 1977.
Site n'ọchịchọ maka owuwu nkwukọrịta buru ibu na China, Ụlọ ọrụ eriri fiber optic nke China etolitela ngwa ngwa ma guzobe usoro mmepụta ihe zuru oke site na eriri fiber optic tupu emechara ruo na ngwaahịa eriri fiber optic..
Mmepụta na ike teknụzụ nke ụlọ ọrụ eriri fiber optic nke China etoola ngwa ngwa, site na ikike mmepe ngwaahịa na ikike imepụta teknụzụ na-aga n'ihu.
China abụrụla mba nke abụọ kachasị na eriri eriri fiber optic ma rute ọkwa dị elu n'ụwa n'akụkụ niile..
Ihe dị ịrịba ama bụ na nnukwu ihe owuwu nke 3G na mmalite nke FTTH nke nta nke nta ga-abụ ihe ndị na-anya ụgbọ ala ogologo oge maka nnukwu mmepe nke ụlọ ọrụ fiber optic nke China., nke ga-eme ka ụlọ ọrụ fiber optic cable nke China banye n'ọgbọ ọhụrụ nke uto.
Mmepe ụwa
Cuba meghere nke mbụ ya eriri optic okpuru mmiri okpuru mmiri, eme ka ọsọ data unidirectional banye Cuba ka emelitere.
Ọ bụ ezie na a ka nwere ogologo ụzọ iji nweta ihe mgbaru ọsọ nke “ezigbo nnwere onwe nke ịntanetị”, Nke a bụ n'ezie nzọụkwụ na-aga n'ihu na ụzọ mgbanwe na Cuba.
Ka ọ dịgodị, maka oge mbụ na ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ 50 afọ, Cuba TV na-eme ka ndị mgbasa ozi si mba ofesi pụta’ Ihe omume TV na 20th.
O doro anya na Cuba bụ obodo ikpeazụ dị na Western Hemisphere nke ejikọrọ na eriri fiber-optic ma nwee otu n'ime ọnụ ọgụgụ ịntanetị kachasị ala n'ụwa..
Na mbụ, A na-ejikọkarị ọrụ ịntanetị nke Cuba site na sistemụ satịlaịtị nwere ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa.
Ihe gbasara 16 Pasent nke ndị Cuba nwere ohere ịntanetị, nke ka ukwuu n'ihi na ha na-eji ya n'oge ọrụ na ọmụmụ ihe ha.
Agbanyeghị, Ọtụtụ n'ime ha nọ na LAN ụlọ, nke nwere ike idobe ọtụtụ mgbochi.
Naanị 2.9% Ndị Kuba nwere ohere na-enweghị njedebe na ibe weebụ sitere na gburugburu ụwa n'ime obodo ahụ.
Fiber Optic Cable Ọkara Ọdịiche
Ọdịiche dị n'etiti fiber optic na cable
1. Ihe dị iche iche
E ji ígwè mee eriri (na-abụkarị ọla kọpa na aluminom) dị ka onye nduzi.
Fiber Optical na-eji eriri iko dị ka onye nduzi.
2. Ọdịiche Mgbama Mbufe
Igwe ọkụ na-ebunye akara ọkụ eletrik. Fiber optical na-ebufe akara ngosi anya.
3. Ọdịiche Oke Ngwa
A na-ejikarị eriri USB ugbu a maka nnyefe ike yana nnyefe ozi data dị ala (dị ka ekwentị).
A na-ejikarị eriri anya eme ihe maka nnyefe data.
Ịrụ Ọrụ Nchekwa Fiber Optic Cable
1. Ihe akaebe mere eme na nke bara uru
E mepụtala eriri aluminom wee jiri ya mee ihe 43 afọ kemgbe 1968 na United States.
Ojiji nke ngwaahịa a na-ahụkarị, òkè ahịa nke mba North America ruru 80%.
Mgbe 43 ọtụtụ afọ nke omume gosipụtara na ojiji nke aluminom alloy cable emeghị ọdịda, ọ dịkwa mma.
2. Nlele na Asambodo
Aluminom alloy cable agafeela ule na asambodo nke UL na United States, CUL dị na Canada, na SAIGLOBAI dị n'Australia.
Tinyekwara China National Cable na Wire Testing Center, State Grid Wuhan High Voltage Research Institute, Nlebaanya ogo ihe owuwu ụlọ nke mba, na Ụlọ nyocha, na ụlọ ọrụ ikike ndị ọzọ maka nnwale na asambodo.
3. Ọrụ Nhazi Aluminom Alloy
3.1 Ngwakọta ihe na-eduzi aluminom agbakwunyere na ụwa na-adịghị ahụkebe na ígwè na ihe ndị ọzọ na-eme ka arụmọrụ eletrik na arụmọrụ ya dịkwuo mma.
Karịsịa mgbe onye na-eduzi annealed na-agbakwụnye ígwè na-emepụta ike dị elu na-akpụ akpụ.
N'ihe banyere ibu ibu ugbu a, ígwè na-arụ ọrụ njikọ na-aga n'ihu ka onye na-eduzi alloy aluminum ghara ịrapara.
3.2 Creep na-emerụ ahụ nke ukwuu na eriri.
Ọ bụrụ na eriri ahụ na-akpụ akpụ, ebe kọntaktị ya esichaghị nke ọma, na nrụgide na-ebelata ka nguzogide kọntaktị na-abawanye ngwa ngwa.
Ihe na-eme ugbu a na-eme ka ikpo ọkụ na nkwonkwo.
Ọ bụrụ na anaghị arụ ọrụ oge niile, a ga-enwe ihe egwu nchekwa.
Ọ dị ezigbo mkpa iji dozie nsogbu creep USB.
Kedu ihe bụ Creep?
Metal n'okpuru omume nke okpomọkụ, ike mpụga, na ibu onwe ya.
Oge n'aga, ọ ga-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-emepụta nrụrụ na-adịgide adịgide nke a na-apụghị ịgbake, ihe omume a bụ ihe na-akpụ akpụ.
4. Arụmọrụ na-egbochi ire ọkụ
Ihe mkpuchi mkpuchi nke aluminom alloy cable na-anabata ire ọkụ na-egbochi silane cross-linked polyethylene. (XLPE), na usoro ahụ na-anabata usoro ihe agha na-ekpochi onwe ya, nke dị nnọọ mma karịa nke n'ọbọ nke PVC ihe na ikpo ọkụ, na ọkụ nwere ike ịgbasa ngwa ngwa, na ọkụ nwere ike imenyụ ngwa ngwa mgbe ire ọkụ na-apụ n'anya, ya mere ọkụ retardant arụmọrụ dị oke mma. Aluminom alloy cable na-anabata ihe ọhụrụ na teknụzụ ọhụrụ iji hụ na ojiji ya dị nchebe.
Fiber Optic Cable Arụmọrụ Eletriki
1. Ike Ibu USB
Mgbe mpaghara cross-section nke alloy conductor bụ 1.5 ugboro nke ọla kọpa, Njirimara eletriki nke onye na-eduzi alloy na onye na-eduzi ọla kọpa bụ otu, na-enweta otu ikike ibu ahụ, iguzogide, na mfu voltaji.
The resistivity nke aluminum alloy bụ n'etiti aluminum na ọla kọpa, dịtụ elu karịa aluminom, na ala karịa ọla kọpa.
Ibu nke onye na-eduzi alloy aluminom nke otu ogologo ahụ bụ naanị ọkara nke ọla kọpa n'otu ọnụego na-agafe agafe..
Ọ bụrụ na ọkụ eletrik nke ọla kọpa bụ 100%, conductivity nke alloy eduzi bụ banyere 61.2%.
The kpọmkwem ike ndọda nke alloy bụ 2.7 na kpọmkwem ike ndọda nke ọla kọpa bụ 8.9, so (8.9/2.7) x (0.612/1) = 2.
Ya bụ, nguzogide nke 2 nkeji arọ nke ọla kọpa bụ otu ihe ahụ na-eguzogide 1 unit uka nke alloy.
Ya mere, mgbe cross-ngalaba mpaghara nke alloy conductor bụ 1.5 ugboro nke ọla kọpa, Njirimara eletrik ya bụ otu.
Ya bụ, otu obe-ngalaba eruba, iguzogide, na voltaji ọnwụ dị ka ọla kọpa na-enweta.
Ọtụtụ ihe na-emetụta oke ikuku nke eriri ọkụ.
Ọmụmaatụ
1. Njirimara ahịrị
Dị ka ugbu a na-arụ ọrụ, ụdị ugbu a, ugboro ugboro, na ibu ihe.
2. Ọdịdị waya na eriri
Dị ka nhazi nke isi ihe na-eduzi, ọnụ ọgụgụ nke cores, ụdị ihe mkpuchi, ihe owuwu na ihe nke ọta na n'ime na mpụta n'ọbọ, na ngụkọta mpụga dayameta.
3. Ọnọdụ ịtọgbọ
Dị ka ntinye ikuku, ntinye pipeline, kpọmkwem lie Ịtọ, n'okpuruala trenchi ịtọọ, na ịtọgbọ mmiri n'okpuru mmiri.
4. Ọnọdụ Okpomọkụ Na-arụ ọrụ
Dị ka ikuku na okpomọkụ ala, ọnụọgụ na-eguzogide okpomọkụ ala, mmetụta nso nke isi mmalite okpomọkụ gbara ya gburugburu, wdg.
2. Belata akụkụ dị n'èzí nke eriri
Aluminium alloy cable usoro mmepụta, teknụzụ mkpakọ kacha elu na Germany, nke mere na ya ndu ndochi ihe nwere ike iru 93%.
Na aluminom alloy cables bụ nke silane cross-linked polyethylene, mkpuchi nke chọrọ naanị 2/3 nke ọkpụrụkpụ nke polyvinyl chloride kariri arụ ọrụ mkpuchi ihe.
Ebe ihe ndochi nke ọla kọpa nwere ike iru naanị 80% n'izugbe, ihe mkpuchi a na-ejikarị eme ihe bụ PVC.
Ya mere, A na-abawanye dayameta mpụta nke eriri aluminom alloy naanị site na 11% ma ọ bụ obere dabere na eriri ọla kọpa, na ọ nwere ike inwe otu arụmọrụ eletrik dị ka ọla kọpa. Enwere ike ịhụ na iji eriri aluminom alloy adịghị mkpa ịgbanwe ihe nhazi mbụ nke iji eriri ọla kọpa.
N'ihi na izugbe mmebe emebe na Ịtọ ọkpọkọ size dị ka 150% nke eriri ọla kọpa.
N'ịtụle nsogbu nke mmụba ikike, size nke Ịtọ ọkpọkọ na-abawanye na 200% nke eriri ọla kọpa, ya mere ọ bụghị nsogbu iyi ọkpọkọ.
3. Belata mfu USB
Ihe na-abụghị magnetik, agaghị emepụta eddy current ma nwee ike ibelata mfu nke ahịrị.
Aluminom alloy nwere ọbụna ihe mkpuchi ihe agha bụ ihe na-abụghị ihe ndọta.
Ọbụlagodi na enwere ugbua na-enweghị nha nha nke atọ, ọ gaghị emepụta mmiri iyi, nke nwere ike ibelata mfu nke ahịrị.
Fiber optic eriri, Igwe netwọkụ, Ọdịiche USB
Na ngwaike netwọk, enwere ụdị ọzọ a na-apụghị ileghara anya bụ mgbasa ozi netwọk, nke anyị na-akpọkarị eriri netwọk.
A na-ekewa eriri netwọk nkịtị ka ọ bụrụ ezigbo ụzọ gbagọrọ agbagọ, eriri optic eriri, eriri coaxial, nnukwu eriri coaxial, wdg.
1. Fiber optic eriri
Fiber optic cable bụ ọgbọ ọhụrụ mgbasa ozi mgbasa ozi.
Tụnyere ya na mgbasa ozi ọla kọpa, fiber optics ma n'ihe gbasara nchekwa, ntụkwasị obi, na arụ ọrụ netwọk emewo ka ọ dịkwuo mma.
Na mgbakwunye, bandwit nke eriri optic nnyefe nke ukwuu karịa nke ọla kọpa cable.
Na nkwado ya nke njikọ njikọ kacha karịa ihe karịrị kilomita abụọ bụ nhọrọ a na-apụghị izere ezere maka ịmepụta netwọkụ buru ibu..
N'ihi na eriri optic eriri nwere uru nke ezigbo mgbochi electromagnetic, nzuzo siri ike, ọsọ ọsọ, nnukwu nnyefe ikike, wdg.
Ya mere ọ dịkwa oke ọnụ ma na-adịkarịghị eji na ntọala ụlọ.
E nwere ụdị abụọ dị iche iche nke fiber optics, otu-mode eriri na multimode eriri, nke na-emekarị.
Usoro ahụ “ọnọdụ” na-ezo aka na ngwugwu ọkụ nke na-abanye n'ime eriri n'otu akụkụ.
1.1 Multimode Fiber
A na-ejikarị eriri multimode eme ihe maka njikọ netwọk n'otu ụlọ ụlọ ọrụ ma ọ bụ na nso nso.
1.2 Otu ụdị Fiber
Otu ụdị eriri eriri na-ebuga data dị elu karịa ogologo anya.
A na-ejikarị ya jikọọ ụlọ ụlọ ọrụ ma ọ bụ na netwọk ndị gbasasịrị na mpaghara ebe niile.
Ọ bụrụ na ejiri eriri fiber optic mee ihe dị ka mgbasa ozi netwọkụ, Ngwa ndị ọzọ dị ka transceivers anya ka achọrọ.
Ya mere, ego ego a na-akwụ ụgwọ ka ukwuu ma na-eji ya eme ihe n'ozuzu ngwa.
2. Mmakọ gbagọrọ agbagọ
Otu eriri agbagwojuru anya bụ eriri nzikọrịta ozi na-agbanwe agbanwe nwere ụzọ abụọ waya ọla kọpa akpọchiri akpọchi.
A na-ejikarị ya eme ihe n'ihi na e ji ọnụ ala ya mara ya.
Ọmụmaatụ, anyị na-ahụkarị ahịrị ekwentị.
Dabere na oke nnyefe ọnụego, Enwere ike kewaa eriri abụọ gbagọrọ agbagọ n'ọkwa atọ.
2.1 Otu 3 ụzọ gbagọrọ agbagọ
2.2 Otu 5 ụzọ gbagọrọ agbagọ
2.3 Otu kachasị 5 Mmakọ gbagọrọ agbagọ
Otu 3 eriri igwe gbagọrọ agbagọ nwere ọnụego 10mb/s, Otu 5 ruo 100mb/s.
Otu kachasị 5 bụ ihe ruru 155mb/s ma ọ bụ karịa.
Nke a dabara adaba maka mkpa ọdịnihu nke mgbasa ozi mgbasa ozi mgbasa ozi, ya mere a na-atụ aro ka iji ụdị 5 ma ọ bụ ọbụna super Atiya 5 eriri gbagọrọ agbagọ.
E nwekwara ike kewaa eriri abụọ gbagọrọ agbagọ ka ọ bụrụ ụzọ gbagọrọ agbagọ echedoro (STP) na ụzọ gbagọrọ agbagọ na-enweghị mkpuchi (UTP).
Ọ bụ ezie na ọnụego stp gbagọrọ agbagọ-pair cable dị ala (naanị 4mb / s), mgbochi nnyonye anya karịa utp gbagọrọ agbagọ-pair cable, ya mere ọnụ ahịa dịkwa oke ọnụ karịa.
Ụdị eriri eriri agbagọ agbagọ dị ọnụ ala dollar ole na ole n'otu mita, olulu mmiri dị ọnụ nwere ike karịa dollar iri iji zụta otu mita.
Na ntule ndịiche, Ọnụ ego eriri eriri utp gbagọrọ agbagọ na-abụkarị n'otu mita nke otu dollar ma ọ bụ karịa, dịtụ ọnụ ala.
Na mgbakwunye, A na-ejikarị eriri 10m na 100m na-enweghị ihe mkpuchi gbagọrọ agbagọ agbagọ bụ nke a maara nke ọma dị ka 10base-t na 100base-t.
Na eriri abụọ gbagọrọ agbagọ na-akwado iji isi rj45 kristal na-eme ka eriri igwe gbagọrọ agbagọ na kaadị netwọkụ rj45 n'etiti njikọ..
Àgwà ya metụtara kpọmkwem na nkwụsi ike nke netwọk dum, na enweghị ike ileghara anya.
3. Coaxial USB
Coaxial USB maara nke ọma na ọtụtụ ndị enyi nke klas nke mgbasa ozi mgbasa ozi.
Ọ bụ oyi akwa nke waya a na-ekpuchi ekpuchi nke a na-agbanye n'akụkụ ebe etiti ọla kọpa nke eriri eriri.
Akụkụ kachasị ya bụ ikike mgbochi nnyonye anya dị mma, data nnyefe kwụsiri ike, na ọnụ ala.
Ya mere, e jibu ya mee ihe n'ebe nile, dị ka ahịrị telivishọn mechiri emechi.
3.1 Uru
Netwọk nhazi ụgbọ ala mejupụtara eriri coaxial dị obere ọnụ ma jiri ya mee ihe n'oge gara aga.
3.2 Ọdịmma
Mmebi nke otu eriri nwere ike iduga na netwọkụ niile daa, na nlekọta na-esi ike.
Ugbua, A naghị eji eriri coaxial eme ihe nke ukwuu, mana a ka nwere ụfọdụ ahịa maka ọmarịcha eriri coaxial.
A na-erekarị eriri eriri coaxial dị mma n'ahịa maka dollar ole na ole n'otu mita, nke na-adịghị oke ọnụ.
Na mgbakwunye, A na-eji eriri coaxial jikọọ na isi bnc.
A na-ejikọta eriri coaxial nke a na-ere n'ahịa na isi bnc na enwere ike iji ngwaahịa emechara ozugbo.
Ihe dị n'elu bụ okwu mmeghe nke eriri fiber optic. Site na mmepe zuru ụwa ọnụ nke ukwuu, ojiji nke eriri na-abawanye. A na-emepụtakwa akụrụngwa dị iche iche nke eriri nwere ike iji na-adịgide adịgide. Ụlọ ọrụ USB ZMS echegbula onwe ya maka mmepe eriri, ma na-agbasosi ike mgbe niile ịnye eriri ndị dị elu, ezigbo uru maka ego, ọrụ echebara echiche, ngwaahịa mgbe a siri ike ntuziaka ntozu, kwesịrị ntụkwasị obi.